单元测试与基准测试

1. 单元测试

// user_test.go
func TestUserCreation(t *testing.T) {
    u := NewUser("Alice", 30)
    if u.Name != "Alice" {
        t.Errorf("expected Alice, got %s", u.Name)
    }
}

// 表驱动测试
func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
    tests := []struct {
        a, b, expected int
    }{
        {1, 2, 3},
        {0, 0, 0},
        {-1, 1, 0},
    }
    for _, tt := range tests {
        if got := Add(tt.a, tt.b); got != tt.expected {
            t.Errorf("Add(%d, %d) = %d, want %d", tt.a, tt.b, got, tt.expected)
        }
    }
}

2. 基准测试

func BenchmarkSort(b *testing.B) {
    data := make([]int, 10000)
    for i := range data { data[i] = rand.Int() }

    b.ResetTimer()
    for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
        sort.Ints(data)
    }
}

运行：

go test -bench=. -benchmem
# BenchmarkSort-8    5000    320 ns/op    0 B/op    0 allocs/op

3. 子测试

func TestParallel(t *testing.T) {
    t.Run("case1", func(t *testing.T) {
        t.Parallel()
        // ...
    })
}

4. 覆盖率

go test -coverprofile=coverage.out
go tool cover -html=coverage.out