自定义Hooks复用逻辑
React自定义Hooks设计模式:useFetch、useLocalStorage等实用Hook。
1. useFetch
function useFetch<T>(url: string, options?: RequestInit) {
const [data, setData] = useState<T | null>(null);
const [error, setError] = useState<Error | null>(null);
const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
useEffect(() => {
const controller = new AbortController();
setLoading(true);
fetch(url, { ...options, signal: controller.signal })
.then((res) => {
if (!res.ok) throw new Error(res.statusText);
return res.json();
})
.then(setData)
.catch((err) => {
if (err.name !== 'AbortError') setError(err);
})
.finally(() => setLoading(false));
return () => controller.abort();
}, [url]);
return { data, error, loading };
}
2. useLocalStorage
function useLocalStorage<T>(key: string, initialValue: T) {
const [storedValue, setStoredValue] = useState<T>(() => {
try {
const item = window.localStorage.getItem(key);
return item ? JSON.parse(item) : initialValue;
} catch {
return initialValue;
}
});
const setValue = (value: T | ((val: T) => T)) => {
const valueToStore = value instanceof Function ? value(storedValue) : value;
setStoredValue(valueToStore);
window.localStorage.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(valueToStore));
};
return [storedValue, setValue] as const;
}
3. useDebounce
function useDebounce<T>(value: T, delay: number): T {
const [debouncedValue, setDebouncedValue] = useState(value);
useEffect(() => {
const timer = setTimeout(() => setDebouncedValue(value), delay);
return () => clearTimeout(timer);
}, [value, delay]);
return debouncedValue;
}
4. useToggle
function useToggle(initial = false) {
const [value, setValue] = useState(initial);
const toggle = useCallback(() => setValue((v) => !v), []);
const setTrue = useCallback(() => setValue(true), []);
const setFalse = useCallback(() => setValue(false), []);
return { value, toggle, setTrue, setFalse };
}
5. 设计原则
- 以
use开头 - 返回值使用数组或对象
- 清理副作用(定时器、事件监听、AbortController)
- 接受 ref 或回调作为参数以避免闭包陷阱