常见语法错误汇总

21 minIntermediate2026/6/14

英语写作和考试中常见语法错误分类汇总，含错误示例、正确形式与解析。

1. 主谓一致错误 (Subject-Verb Agreement Errors)

1.1 集合名词的主谓一致

错误	正确	解析
The committee are meeting today.	The committee is meeting today.	committee 作为整体→单数
The committee is divided in opinion.	The committee are divided in opinion.	强调个体成员→复数

规则： 集合名词（family, team, committee, audience）视作整体时用单数，视作个体时用复数。

1.2 就近原则

错误	正确	解析
Neither he nor I is wrong.	Neither he nor I am wrong.	就近原则：谓语与最近主语一致
Either you or she have to go.	Either you or she has to go.	就近原则：she → has

1.3 特殊主语

错误	正确	解析
Each of the students have a book.	Each of the students has a book.	each + 单数谓语
The number of errors are small.	The number of errors is small.	the number of → 单数
A number of students is absent.	A number of students are absent.	a number of = many → 复数
Two plus two are four.	Two plus two is four.	运算结果→单数
Bread and butter are my breakfast.	Bread and butter is my breakfast.	视为一个整体→单数

2. 时态错误 (Tense Errors)

2.1 时态不一致

错误	正确	解析
She said she is tired.	She said she was tired.	主句过去时→从句过去时
I have seen him yesterday.	I saw him yesterday.	yesterday → 一般过去时
She is living here since 2020.	She has lived here since 2020.	since → 现在完成时

2.2 完成时误用

错误	正确	解析
I have been knowing him for years.	I have known him for years.	know 是状态动词，不用进行时
She has gone to Paris last week.	She went to Paris last week.	具体过去时间 → 一般过去时
I have written the report for two hours.	I have been writing the report for two hours.	强调持续过程 → 完成进行时

2.3 主将从现

错误	正确	解析
I will call you when I will arrive.	I will call you when I arrive.	时间/条件从句用现在时表将来
If it will rain, I’ll stay home.	If it rains, I’ll stay home.	条件从句用现在时表将来

3. 冠词错误 (Article Errors)

3.1 不定冠词 a/an

错误	正确	解析
He is a honest man.	He is an honest man.	honest 首音素为元音 /ɒ/
She is an university student.	She is a university student.	university 首音素为辅音 /juː/
I saw a one-legged man.	I saw a one-legged man.	one 首音素为辅音 /w/

3.2 定冠词 the

错误	正确	解析
I love the music.	I love music.	泛指不可数名词不加 the
She plays the tennis.	She plays tennis.	球类运动不加 the
He goes to the school.	He goes to school.	go to school = 去上学
The life is beautiful.	Life is beautiful.	抽象名词泛指不加 the

3.3 零冠词

错误	正确	解析
She is a teacher and a writer.	She is a teacher and writer.	一个人兼任两个身份
I have a breakfast at 7.	I have breakfast at 7.	三餐前不加冠词
He is in the hospital.	He is in hospital. (英式)	in hospital = 住院

4. 介词错误 (Preposition Errors)

4.1 固定搭配

错误	正确	解析
She is good in math.	She is good at math.	be good at
He arrived to the airport.	He arrived at the airport.	arrive at/in
She depends of him.	She depends on him.	depend on
I’m interested about AI.	I’m interested in AI.	be interested in
She married with him.	She married him.	marry 是及物动词
He congratulated him his success.	He congratulated him on his success.	congratulate sb. on sth.

4.2 时间介词

错误	正确	解析
In Monday	On Monday	具体某天用 on
In 9 o’clock	At 9 o’clock	具体时刻用 at
On June	In June	月份用 in
In the weekend	On the weekend	周末用 on

5. 代词错误 (Pronoun Errors)

5.1 指代不清

错误	正确	解析
When she met Mary, she told her the news.	When she met Mary, Jane told her the news.	两个 she 指代不明
He told his brother that he was wrong.	He told his brother that he himself was wrong.	he 指代不明

5.2 格的错误

错误	正确	解析
Me and him went to the store.	He and I went to the store.	主格作主语
She is taller than me.	She is taller than I.	than 是连词，后接主格（口语中 me 可接受）
Between you and I…	Between you and me…	介词后用宾格

5.3 不定代词

错误	正确	解析
Everyone have their own opinion.	Everyone has his or her own opinion.	everyone → 单数
Neither of the answers are correct.	Neither of the answers is correct.	neither → 单数

6. 从句错误 (Clause Errors)

6.1 定语从句

错误	正确	解析
The book what I bought is good.	The book that/which I bought is good.	what 不能引导定语从句
This is the house where he lives in.	This is the house where he lives.	where 已含 in 之意
The man which called you is here.	The man who called you is here.	先行词是人 → who

6.2 名词性从句

错误	正确	解析
If she will come is uncertain.	Whether she will come is uncertain.	主语从句用 whether 不用 if
I don’t know that to do.	I don’t know what to do.	that 不作成分，what 作宾语
The reason is because she was ill.	The reason is that she was ill.	表语从句用 that 不用 because

6.3 状语从句

错误	正确	解析
Although she was tired, but she continued.	Although she was tired, she continued.	although 和 but 不能连用
Because she was ill, so she stayed home.	Because she was ill, she stayed home.	because 和 so 不能连用

7. 非谓语动词错误 (Non-finite Verb Errors)

7.1 不定式 vs. 动名词

错误	正确	解析
She enjoys to read.	She enjoys reading.	enjoy + doing
She stopped smoking (= she was a smoker and quit).	She stopped to smoke (= she stopped in order to smoke).	stop doing vs. stop to do
I remember to meet him before.	I remember meeting him before.	remember doing = 记得做过；remember to do = 记得要做
She suggested to go home.	She suggested going home.	suggest + doing

7.2 分词错误

错误	正确	解析
Seeing from the hill, the city is beautiful.	Seen from the hill, the city is beautiful.	城市被看 → 过去分词
Born in a rich family, his parents sent him to Eton.	Born in a rich family, he was sent to Eton.	分词逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致

7.3 常见搭配

动词 + to do	动词 + doing
want, hope, decide, agree, refuse, plan	enjoy, avoid, mind, finish, practice, suggest
promise, expect, pretend, offer, fail	consider, deny, risk, imagine, keep
afford, manage, tend, choose, demand	appreciate, escape, miss, resist, involve

8. 虚拟语气错误 (Subjunctive Mood Errors)

8.1 if 条件句

错误	正确	解析
If I was you, I would go.	If I were you, I would go.	虚拟语气用 were
If I would have known, I would have helped.	If I had known, I would have helped.	与过去相反：had + done
If she has time, she would help.	If she had time, she would help.	与现在相反：过去式

8.2 名词性从句中的虚拟

错误	正确	解析
She suggested that he goes home.	She suggested that he go home.	suggest + (should) + 动词原形
It is essential that she is informed.	It is essential that she be informed.	essential + (should) + 动词原形

需用虚拟语气的动词/形容词：

动词：suggest, recommend, require, demand, insist, order, propose
形容词：essential, important, necessary, vital, crucial, imperative

9. 比较级错误 (Comparison Errors)

9.1 比较级形式

错误	正确	解析
She is more better than him.	She is better than him.	better 本身已是比较级
She is taller than any girl in the class.	She is taller than any other girl in the class.	排除自身
She is the tallest of the two.	She is the taller of the two.	两者之间用比较级

9.2 比较对象一致

错误	正确	解析
The population of China is larger than India.	The population of China is larger than that of India.	比较对象必须一致
His code is cleaner than her.	His code is cleaner than hers.	名词性物主代词

10. 标点与格式错误 (Punctuation Errors)

10.1 逗号拼接 (Comma Splice)

错误	正确	解析
She was tired, she went to bed.	She was tired. She went to bed.	两个独立句子不能仅用逗号连接
She was tired, she went to bed.	She was tired, so she went to bed.	加连词
She was tired, she went to bed.	She was tired; she went to bed.	用分号

10.2 撇号错误

错误	正确	解析
it’s tail	its tail	its = 它的；it’s = it is
The dog’s are playing.	The dogs are playing.	复数不加 ‘s
CD’s for sale	CDs for sale	缩写词复数不加撇号

11. 易混淆词汇 (Commonly Confused Words)

易混淆词	区别	示例
affect / effect	affect = v. 影响；effect = n. 效果	The rain affected the game. / The effect was significant.
lie / lay	lie = 躺；lay = 放置	She lies on the bed. / She lays the book down.
rise / raise	rise = 不及物上升；raise = 及物举起	Prices rise. / She raises her hand.
sit / set	sit = 坐；set = 放置	She sits down. / She sets the table.
who / whom	who = 主格；whom = 宾格	Who called? / Whom did you call?
fewer / less	fewer + 可数；less + 不可数	fewer errors / less time
between / among	between 两者之间；among 三者以上	between you and me / among the students
principal / principle	principal = 主要的/校长；principle = 原则	the principal reason / a matter of principle
stationary / stationery	stationary = 静止的；stationery = 文具	a stationary object / office stationery
complement / compliment	complement = 补充；compliment = 赞美	Wine complements the meal. / She received a compliment.