计算机专业英语词汇

59 minIntermediate2026/6/14

计算机专业英语词汇 1000 词，按编程语言、Web 开发、操作系统、网络、数据库、AI 分类，助力技术文档阅读与写作。

1. 编程语言与软件工程 (Programming Languages & Software Engineering)

单词	音标	释义	例句
abstraction	/æbˈstrækʃn/	n. 抽象	Abstraction reduces complexity in software design.
algorithm	/ˈælɡərɪðəm/	n. 算法	The sorting algorithm runs in $O(n \log n)$ time.
allocate	/ˈæləkeɪt/	v. 分配	The system allocates memory dynamically.
argument	/ˈɑːrɡjumənt/	n. 参数；论点	The function accepts three arguments.
array	/əˈreɪ/	n. 数组	Elements in an array are accessed by index.
asynchronous	/eɪˈsɪŋkrənəs/	adj. 异步的	Asynchronous programming avoids blocking the main thread.
attribute	/əˈtrɪbjuːt/	n. 属性	Each HTML element has specific attributes.
binary	/ˈbaɪnəri/	adj. 二进制的	Computers process data in binary format.
binding	/ˈbaɪndɪŋ/	n. 绑定	Late binding occurs at runtime.
boolean	/ˈbuːliən/	n. 布尔值	A boolean can be either true or false.
callback	/ˈkɔːlbæk/	n. 回调	The callback function executes after the request completes.
class	/klæs/	n. 类	A class defines the structure and behavior of objects.
closure	/ˈkloʊʒər/	n. 闭包	A closure captures variables from its outer scope.
compile	/kəmˈpaɪl/	v. 编译	The compiler translates source code to machine code.
concurrency	/kənˈkɜːrənsi/	n. 并发	Concurrency enables multiple tasks to make progress.
constant	/ˈkɑːnstənt/	n. 常量	The value of a constant cannot be changed.
constructor	/kənˈstrʌktər/	n. 构造函数	The constructor initializes the object’s state.
debug	/diːˈbʌɡ/	v. 调试	Use a debugger to step through the code.
declaration	/ˌdekləˈreɪʃn/	n. 声明	Variable declarations must precede their use.
dependency	/dɪˈpendənsi/	n. 依赖	The project has several external dependencies.
deprecation	/ˌdeprəˈkeɪʃn/	n. 弃用	The deprecated API will be removed in the next release.
deserialize	/diːˈsɪriəlaɪz/	v. 反序列化	Deserialize the JSON string into an object.
encapsulation	/ɪnˌkæpsjuˈleɪʃn/	n. 封装	Encapsulation hides internal implementation details.
enumerate	/ɪˈnuːməreɪt/	v. 枚举	Enumerate all possible combinations.
exception	/ɪkˈsepʃn/	n. 异常	An exception was thrown during execution.
expression	/ɪkˈspreʃn/	n. 表达式	The expression evaluates to a boolean value.
function	/ˈfʌŋkʃn/	n. 函数	The function returns the computed result.
garbage	/ˈɡɑːrbɪdʒ/	n. 垃圾	Garbage collection reclaims unused memory.
generic	/dʒəˈnerɪk/	adj. 泛型的	Generic types improve code reusability.
handler	/ˈhændlər/	n. 处理器	The event handler responds to user actions.
heap	/hiːp/	n. 堆	Objects are allocated on the heap.
identifier	/aɪˈdentɪfaɪər/	n. 标识符	Variable names are identifiers.
immutable	/ɪˈmjuːtəbl/	adj. 不可变的	Strings in Python are immutable.
implement	/ˈɪmplɪment/	v. 实现	The class implements the interface.
inheritance	/ɪnˈherɪtəns/	n. 继承	Inheritance allows code reuse through class hierarchies.
instance	/ˈɪnstəns/	n. 实例	Each object is an instance of a class.
interface	/ˈɪntərfeɪs/	n. 接口	The interface defines a contract for implementing classes.
interpret	/ɪnˈtɜːrprɪt/	v. 解释执行	Python is an interpreted language.
iteration	/ˌɪtəˈreɪʃn/	n. 迭代	Each iteration processes one element.
lambda	/ˈlæmdə/	n. Lambda 表达式	Lambda expressions create anonymous functions.
lexical	/ˈleksɪkl/	adj. 词法的	Lexical scoping determines variable accessibility.
literal	/ˈlɪtərəl/	n. 字面量	String literals are enclosed in quotes.
metadata	/ˈmetədeɪtə/	n. 元数据	Metadata provides information about the data.
method	/ˈmeθəd/	n. 方法	The method performs the requested operation.
module	/ˈmɑːdʒuːl/	n. 模块	Import the module to use its functions.
mutable	/ˈmjuːtəbl/	adj. 可变的	Lists in Python are mutable.
namespace	/ˈneɪmspeɪs/	n. 命名空间	Namespaces prevent naming conflicts.
null	/nʌl/	n. 空值	The variable was assigned a null value.
object	/ˈɑːbdʒekt/	n. 对象	Everything in Python is an object.
operand	/ˈɑːpərænd/	n. 操作数	The operator requires two operands.
operator	/ˈɑːpəreɪtər/	n. 运算符	The comparison operator returns a boolean.
overload	/ˌoʊvərˈloʊd/	v. 重载	Method overloading allows multiple signatures.
override	/ˌoʊvərˈraɪd/	v. 重写	The subclass overrides the parent method.
parameter	/pəˈræmɪtər/	n. 参数	The function takes two parameters.
parse	/pɑːrz/	v. 解析	The parser converts the string into a data structure.
pointer	/ˈpɔɪntər/	n. 指针	A pointer stores the memory address of a variable.
polymorphism	/ˌpɑːlɪˈmɔːrfɪzəm/	n. 多态	Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as their parent type.
primitive	/ˈprɪmətɪv/	adj. 原始的	Primitive types include int, float, and boolean.
recursion	/rɪˈkɜːrʒn/	n. 递归	Recursion requires a base case to terminate.
refactor	/riːˈfæktər/	v. 重构	Refactor the code to improve readability.
reference	/ˈrefərəns/	n. 引用	Pass by reference shares the same object.
reflection	/rɪˈflekʃn/	n. 反射	Reflection allows runtime type inspection.
return	/rɪˈtɜːrn/	v. 返回	The function returns the computed value.
runtime	/ˈrʌntaɪm/	n. 运行时	Runtime errors occur during program execution.
scope	/skoʊp/	n. 作用域	Variables declared inside a block have local scope.
serialize	/ˈsɪriəlaɪz/	v. 序列化	Serialize the object to JSON format.
signature	/ˈsɪɡnətʃər/	n. 签名	The method signature defines its parameters and return type.
stack	/stæk/	n. 栈	Function calls are managed on the call stack.
statement	/ˈsteɪtmənt/	n. 语句	Each statement performs a specific action.
static	/ˈstætɪk/	adj. 静态的	Static methods belong to the class, not instances.
string	/strɪŋ/	n. 字符串	Strings are sequences of characters.
syntax	/ˈsɪntæks/	n. 语法	Syntax errors prevent compilation.
template	/ˈtemplət/	n. 模板	Template metaprogramming enables compile-time computation.
token	/ˈtoʊkən/	n. 令牌；词法单元	The lexer breaks source code into tokens.
type	/taɪp/	n. 类型	Type checking ensures type safety.
variable	/ˈveriəbl/	n. 变量	Variables store data during program execution.

2. Web 开发 (Web Development)

单词	音标	释义	例句
accessibility	/əkˌsesəˈbɪləti/	n. 无障碍性	Accessibility ensures websites are usable by everyone.
asset	/ˈæset/	n. 静态资源	Bundle assets for production deployment.
async	/eɪˈsɪŋk/	adj. 异步的	Use async/await for cleaner asynchronous code.
attribute	/əˈtrɪbjuːt/	n. 属性	Set the href attribute of the anchor tag.
authentication	/ɔːˌθentɪˈkeɪʃn/	n. 认证	Authentication verifies user identity.
authorization	/ˌɔːθərəˈzeɪʃn/	n. 授权	Authorization determines user permissions.
bundle	/ˈbʌndl/	n./v. 打包	Webpack bundles JavaScript modules.
cache	/kæʃ/	n./v. 缓存	Cache static assets for better performance.
certificate	/sərˈtɪfɪkət/	n. 证书	SSL certificates enable HTTPS.
component	/kəmˈpoʊnənt/	n. 组件	React components are reusable UI elements.
cookie	/ˈkʊki/	n. Cookie	Cookies store small amounts of client-side data.
CORS	/kɔːrz/	n. 跨域资源共享	CORS headers control cross-origin requests.
credential	/krəˈdenʃl/	n. 凭证	Store credentials securely.
CRUD	/krʌd/	n. 增删改查	The API supports CRUD operations.
deployment	/dɪˈplɔɪmənt/	n. 部署	Automated deployment reduces errors.
directive	/dɪˈrektɪv/	n. 指令	Vue directives extend HTML with custom behavior.
DOM	/dɑːm/	n. 文档对象模型	The DOM represents the page structure.
endpoint	/ˈendpɔɪnt/	n. 端点	The API endpoint returns user data.
favicon	/ˈfævɪkɑːn/	n. 网站图标	The favicon appears in the browser tab.
framework	/ˈfreɪmwɜːrk/	n. 框架	React is a popular frontend framework.
header	/ˈhedər/	n. 请求头	Set the Content-Type header to application/json.
hydration	/haɪˈdreɪʃn/	n. 水合	Hydration attaches event listeners to server-rendered HTML.
interceptor	/ˌɪntərˈseptər/	n. 拦截器	HTTP interceptors modify requests and responses.
latency	/ˈleɪtənsi/	n. 延迟	Reduce network latency for better UX.
library	/ˈlaɪbreri/	n. 库	jQuery is a widely-used JavaScript library.
middleware	/ˈmɪdlwer/	n. 中间件	Express middleware processes requests sequentially.
minify	/ˈmɪnɪfaɪ/	v. 压缩	Minify CSS and JavaScript for production.
mock	/mɑːk/	v./n. 模拟	Mock API responses during testing.
pagination	/ˌpædʒɪˈneɪʃn/	n. 分页	Pagination improves performance for large datasets.
payload	/ˈpeɪloʊd/	n. 载荷	The request payload contains the form data.
polyfill	/ˈpɑːlifɪl/	n. 垫片	Polyfills provide modern features in older browsers.
progressive	/prəˈɡresɪv/	adj. 渐进的	Progressive web apps work offline.
proxy	/ˈprɑːksi/	n. 代理	A reverse proxy handles incoming requests.
query	/ˈkwɪri/	n. 查询	URL query parameters pass data to the server.
render	/ˈrendər/	v. 渲染	React renders components to the DOM.
request	/rɪˈkwest/	n./v. 请求	Send a GET request to the API.
response	/rɪˈspɑːns/	n. 响应	The server returns a JSON response.
responsive	/rɪˈspɑːnsɪv/	adj. 响应式的	Responsive design adapts to screen sizes.
REST	/rest/	n. 表述性状态转移	RESTful APIs follow resource-based conventions.
route	/ruːt/	n. 路由	Define routes for each page of the application.
scaffold	/ˈskæfəld/	v. 脚手架	Scaffold a new project with create-react-app.
schema	/ˈskiːmə/	n. 模式	Validate data against the JSON schema.
selector	/sɪˈlektər/	n. 选择器	CSS selectors target HTML elements.
server	/ˈsɜːrvər/	n. 服务器	The server handles client requests.
session	/ˈseʃn/	n. 会话	Session data is stored on the server.
SPA	/es piː eɪ/	n. 单页应用	SPAs load a single HTML page dynamically.
SSR	/es es ɑːr/	n. 服务端渲染	SSR improves initial page load performance.
state	/steɪt/	n. 状态	Component state determines its rendering.
stylesheet	/ˈsteɪtʃuːt/	n. 样式表	Link the stylesheet in the HTML head.
template	/ˈtemplət/	n. 模板	Template literals allow embedded expressions.
throughput	/ˈθruːpʊt/	n. 吞吐量	The server handles high throughput efficiently.
token	/ˈtoʊkən/	n. 令牌	JWT tokens are used for authentication.
transpile	/trænˈspaɪl/	v. 转译	Babel transpiles ES6+ to ES5.
viewport	/ˈvjuːpɔːrt/	n. 视口	Set the viewport meta tag for mobile devices.
webhook	/ˈwebhʊk/	n. Webhook	Webhooks notify your app of events.
webpack	/ˈwebpæk/	n. Webpack	Webpack is a module bundler.
WebSocket	/ˈwebsɑːket/	n. WebSocket	WebSocket enables real-time bidirectional communication.

3. 操作系统 (Operating Systems)

单词	音标	释义	例句
batch	/bætʃ/	n. 批处理	Batch processing executes jobs without user interaction.
boot	/buːt/	v. 启动	The system boots from the solid-state drive.
buffer	/ˈbʌfər/	n. 缓冲区	Data is stored in a buffer before processing.
checkpoint	/ˈtʃekpɔɪnt/	n. 检查点	The system saves checkpoints for recovery.
CLI	/siː el aɪ/	n. 命令行界面	The CLI provides text-based system control.
concurrency	/kənˈkɜːrənsi/	n. 并发	Concurrency improves resource utilization.
context	/ˈkɑːntekst/	n. 上下文	Context switching saves and restores process state.
daemon	/ˈdiːmən/	n. 守护进程	The daemon runs in the background.
deadlock	/ˈdedlɑːk/	n. 死锁	Deadlock occurs when processes wait indefinitely.
dispatch	/dɪˈspætʃ/	v. 调度	The dispatcher allocates CPU time to processes.
driver	/ˈdraɪvər/	n. 驱动程序	Install the driver for the graphics card.
exec	/ɪɡˈzek/	v. 执行	The exec system call replaces the process image.
file	/faɪl/	n. 文件	Files store data on disk.
fork	/fɔːrk/	v. 派生	The fork system call creates a child process.
GUI	/ɡuːi/	n. 图形用户界面	The GUI provides visual interaction.
interrupt	/ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/	n./v. 中断	Hardware interrupts signal events to the CPU.
I/O	/aɪ oʊ/	n. 输入/输出	I/O operations transfer data between devices.
kernel	/ˈkɜːrnl/	n. 内核	The kernel manages system resources.
mount	/maʊnt/	v. 挂载	Mount the filesystem to access its contents.
mutex	/ˈmjuːteks/	n. 互斥锁	A mutex ensures mutual exclusion.
page	/peɪdʒ/	n. 页	The page table maps virtual to physical addresses.
pipe	/paɪp/	n. 管道	Pipes connect the output of one process to another.
privilege	/ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/	n. 特权	Kernel mode has higher privileges than user mode.
process	/ˈprɑːses/	n. 进程	Each process has its own address space.
race	/reɪs/	n. 竞争	Race conditions cause unpredictable behavior.
scheduling	/ˈskedʒuːlɪŋ/	n. 调度	Scheduling algorithms allocate CPU time.
semaphore	/ˈseməfɔːr/	n. 信号量	Semaphores control access to shared resources.
shell	/ʃel/	n. Shell	The shell interprets user commands.
signal	/ˈsɪɡnəl/	n. 信号	Send a signal to terminate the process.
socket	/ˈsɑːkɪt/	n. 套接字	Sockets enable network communication.
spawn	/spɔːn/	v. 生成	Spawn a new process to handle the request.
swap	/swɑːp/	v. 交换	The system swaps pages to disk when memory is low.
syscall	/ˈsɪskɔːl/	n. 系统调用	System calls provide kernel services to processes.
thread	/θred/	n. 线程	Threads share the process address space.
zombie	/ˈzɑːmbi/	n. 僵尸进程	Zombie processes consume process table entries.

4. 计算机网络 (Computer Networking)

单词	音标	释义	例句
bandwidth	/ˈbændwɪdθ/	n. 带宽	Higher bandwidth allows faster data transfer.
broadcast	/ˈbrɔːdkæst/	n./v. 广播	Broadcast messages reach all devices on the network.
certificate	/sərˈtɪfɪkət/	n. 证书	TLS certificates verify server identity.
cipher	/ˈsaɪfər/	n. 密码；加密算法	AES is a symmetric cipher.
congestion	/kənˈdʒestʃən/	n. 拥塞	Congestion control prevents network overload.
connection	/kəˈnekʃn/	n. 连接	TCP establishes a reliable connection.
datagram	/ˈdeɪtəɡræm/	n. 数据报	UDP sends datagrams without guaranteed delivery.
DNS	/diː en es/	n. 域名系统	DNS resolves domain names to IP addresses.
encryption	/ɪnˈkrɪpʃn/	n. 加密	End-to-end encryption protects message privacy.
firewall	/ˈfaɪərwɔːl/	n. 防火墙	The firewall blocks unauthorized access.
frame	/freɪm/	n. 帧	Ethernet frames carry data at the link layer.
gateway	/ˈɡeɪtweɪ/	n. 网关	The default gateway routes traffic to other networks.
handshake	/ˈhændʃeɪk/	n. 握手	TCP uses a three-way handshake.
host	/hoʊst/	n. 主机	Each host has a unique IP address.
HTTP	/eɪtʃ tiː tiː piː/	n. 超文本传输协议	HTTP/2 supports multiplexed connections.
hub	/hʌb/	n. 集线器	Hubs broadcast frames to all ports.
IP	/aɪ piː/	n. 互联网协议	IPv6 provides 128-bit addresses.
latency	/ˈleɪtənsi/	n. 延迟	Network latency affects real-time applications.
load	/loʊd/	n. 负载	Load balancers distribute traffic across servers.
multicast	/ˈmʌltikæst/	n. 组播	Multicast sends data to a group of recipients.
packet	/ˈpækɪt/	n. 数据包	Packets are routed through the network.
payload	/ˈpeɪloʊd/	n. 载荷	The payload contains the actual data.
port	/pɔːrt/	n. 端口	HTTP typically uses port 80.
protocol	/ˈproʊtəkɑːl/	n. 协议	TCP/IP is the foundation of internet communication.
proxy	/ˈprɑːksi/	n. 代理	A forward proxy acts on behalf of the client.
route	/ruːt/	n./v. 路由	Routers forward packets between networks.
socket	/ˈsɑːkɪt/	n. 套接字	Sockets provide endpoints for communication.
subnet	/ˈsʌbnet/	n. 子网	Subnetting divides a network into smaller segments.
switch	/swɪtʃ/	n. 交换机	Switches forward frames to the correct port.
TCP	/tiː siː piː/	n. 传输控制协议	TCP ensures reliable data delivery.
TLS	/tiː el es/	n. 传输层安全	TLS encrypts data in transit.
tunnel	/ˈtʌnl/	n. 隧道	VPN tunnels encrypt traffic over the internet.
UDP	/juː diː piː/	n. 用户数据报协议	UDP is suitable for real-time streaming.
VPN	/viː piː en/	n. 虚拟专用网络	VPNs provide secure remote access.

5. 数据库 (Database)

单词	音标	释义	例句
aggregate	/ˈæɡrɪɡət/	v. 聚合	Aggregate functions compute values across rows.
atomic	/əˈtɑːmɪk/	adj. 原子的	Atomic operations are indivisible.
B-tree	/ˈbiː triː/	n. B 树	B-tree indexes speed up range queries.
cluster	/ˈklʌstər/	n. 集群	Database clusters provide high availability.
column	/ˈkɑːləm/	n. 列	Each column has a specific data type.
commit	/kəˈmɪt/	v. 提交	Commit the transaction to persist changes.
constraint	/kənˈstreɪnt/	n. 约束	Foreign key constraints enforce referential integrity.
cursor	/ˈkɜːrsər/	n. 游标	Cursors iterate over query results row by row.
deadlock	/ˈdedlɑːk/	n. 死锁	Deadlocks occur when transactions block each other.
document	/ˈdɑːkjumənt/	n. 文档	MongoDB stores data as BSON documents.
dump	/dʌmp/	n./v. 转储	Back up the database with a full dump.
field	/fiːld/	n. 字段	Each field stores a specific attribute.
foreign	/ˈfɔːrən/	adj. 外部的	Foreign keys reference primary keys in other tables.
graph	/ɡræf/	n. 图	Graph databases model relationships between entities.
hash	/hæʃ/	n. 哈希	Hash indexes support equality comparisons.
index	/ˈɪndeks/	n. 索引	Indexes speed up query performance.
join	/dʒɔɪn/	v./n. 连接	JOIN combines rows from multiple tables.
key	/kiː/	n. 键	Primary keys uniquely identify each row.
migration	/maɪˈɡreɪʃn/	n. 迁移	Database migrations manage schema changes.
MVCC	/em viː siː siː/	n. 多版本并发控制	MVCC allows concurrent reads and writes.
normalize	/ˈnɔːrməlaɪz/	v. 规范化	Normalize the schema to reduce redundancy.
NoSQL	/noʊ es kjuː el/	n. NoSQL	NoSQL databases handle unstructured data.
partition	/pɑːrˈtɪʃn/	v./n. 分区	Table partitioning improves query performance.
primary	/ˈpraɪmeri/	adj. 主键的	The primary key ensures row uniqueness.
query	/ˈkwɪri/	n./v. 查询	Optimize queries for better performance.
replica	/ˈreplɪkə/	n. 副本	Read replicas distribute query load.
rollback	/ˈroʊlbæk/	n./v. 回滚	Rollback undoes uncommitted changes.
row	/raʊ/	n. 行	Each row represents a single record.
schema	/ˈskiːmə/	n. 模式	The schema defines the database structure.
shard	/ʃɑːrd/	n./v. 分片	Sharding distributes data across multiple servers.
SQL	/es kjuː el/	n. 结构化查询语言	SQL is the standard language for relational databases.
table	/ˈteɪbl/	n. 表	Tables store data in rows and columns.
transaction	/trænˈzækʃn/	n. 事务	Transactions ensure ACID properties.
trigger	/ˈtrɪɡər/	n. 触发器	Triggers execute automatically on data changes.
view	/vjuː/	n. 视图	Views provide virtual tables based on queries.

6. 人工智能与机器学习 (AI & Machine Learning)

单词	音标	释义	例句
activation	/ˌæktɪˈveɪʃn/	n. 激活	The ReLU activation function is widely used.
agent	/ˈeɪdʒənt/	n. 智能体	An agent interacts with its environment.
attention	/əˈtenʃn/	n. 注意力	The attention mechanism weights input importance.
autoencoder	/ˌɔːtoʊɪnˈkoʊdər/	n. 自编码器	Autoencoders learn compressed representations.
backpropagation	/ˌbækprɑːpəˈɡeɪʃn/	n. 反向传播	Backpropagation computes gradients for training.
batch	/bætʃ/	n. 批次	Mini-batch training uses small subsets of data.
bias	/ˈbaɪəs/	n. 偏置；偏差	The model has high bias due to underfitting.
classifier	/ˈklæsɪfaɪər/	n. 分类器	The classifier achieves 95% accuracy.
convolution	/ˌkɑːnvəˈluːʃn/	n. 卷积	Convolutional layers extract spatial features.
dataset	/ˈdeɪtəset/	n. 数据集	Split the dataset into training and test sets.
decoder	/diːˈkoʊdər/	n. 解码器	The decoder generates output sequences.
deep	/diːp/	adj. 深度的	Deep learning uses many hidden layers.
dropout	/ˈdrɑːpaʊt/	n. 丢弃	Dropout prevents overfitting.
embedding	/ɪmˈbedɪŋ/	n. 嵌入	Word embeddings capture semantic meaning.
encoder	/ɪnˈkoʊdər/	n. 编码器	The encoder compresses input into a latent space.
epoch	/ˈepək/	n. 轮次	Train the model for 100 epochs.
feature	/ˈfiːtʃər/	n. 特征	Feature engineering improves model performance.
fine-tune	/faɪn tuːn/	v. 微调	Fine-tune the pretrained model on domain data.
generative	/ˈdʒenərətɪv/	adj. 生成式的	Generative AI creates new content.
gradient	/ˈɡreɪdiənt/	n. 梯度	Gradient descent minimizes the loss function.
hidden	/ˈhɪdn/	adj. 隐藏的	Hidden layers perform nonlinear transformations.
hyperparameter	/ˌhaɪpərpəˈræmɪtər/	n. 超参数	Tune hyperparameters for optimal performance.
inference	/ˈɪnfərəns/	n. 推理	Model inference generates predictions.
label	/ˈleɪbl/	n. 标签	Labeled data is required for supervised learning.
layer	/ˈleɪər/	n. 层	Neural networks consist of multiple layers.
learning	/ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/	n. 学习	Transfer learning leverages pretrained knowledge.
loss	/lɔːs/	n. 损失	Cross-entropy loss is used for classification.
LSTM	/el es tiː em/	n. 长短期记忆网络	LSTMs handle long-range dependencies.
metric	/ˈmetrɪk/	n. 指标	Accuracy is a common evaluation metric.
model	/ˈmɑːdl/	n. 模型	The model learns patterns from training data.
neural	/ˈnʊrəl/	adj. 神经的	Neural networks are inspired by the brain.
node	/noʊd/	n. 节点	Each node computes a weighted sum.
normalize	/ˈnɔːrməlaɪz/	v. 归一化	Normalize inputs to improve training stability.
optimizer	/ˈɑːptɪmaɪzər/	n. 优化器	Adam is a popular optimizer.
overfitting	/ˌoʊvərˈfɪtɪŋ/	n. 过拟合	Overfitting occurs when the model memorizes training data.
parameter	/pəˈræmɪtər/	n. 参数	Large language models have billions of parameters.
pooling	/ˈpuːlɪŋ/	n. 池化	Max pooling reduces spatial dimensions.
prediction	/prɪˈdɪkʃn/	n. 预测	The model’s prediction matches the actual value.
pretrained	/priːˈtreɪnd/	adj. 预训练的	Use a pretrained model as a starting point.
recurrent	/rɪˈkɜːrənt/	adj. 循环的	Recurrent networks process sequential data.
regularization	/ˌreɡjələrəˈzeɪʃn/	n. 正则化	L2 regularization penalizes large weights.
reinforcement	/ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrsmənt/	n. 强化	Reinforcement learning optimizes through rewards.
representation	/ˌreprɪzenˈteɪʃn/	n. 表示	Learn a useful representation of the data.
softmax	/sɑːftmæks/	n. Softmax	Softmax converts logits to probabilities.
tensor	/ˈtensər/	n. 张量	Tensors are multi-dimensional arrays.
token	/ˈtoʊkən/	n. 词元	The tokenizer splits text into tokens.
transformer	/trænsˈfɔːrmər/	n. Transformer	Transformers revolutionized NLP.
underfitting	/ˌʌndərˈfɪtɪŋ/	n. 欠拟合	Underfitting indicates the model is too simple.
validation	/ˌvælɪˈdeɪʃn/	n. 验证	Use a validation set to tune hyperparameters.
variance	/ˈveriəns/	n. 方差	High variance indicates overfitting.
vector	/ˈvektər/	n. 向量	Word vectors represent semantic relationships.
weight	/weɪt/	n. 权重	Update weights during backpropagation.